Money

According to eHow Money, working conditions in many if not all places were extremely poor, most died from machinery or toxicity from work areas, especially as many worked long hours for poor pay. (EconLib, 2002) For most people, whether in the I-JK or the US, the working class were really Working class', even though Jobs were developing the intensity of the Job was not lessened, they were indeed laborious. As the years went on, leading from the early ages of industrial work, developing into the current year 2013 much has changed.Till now legislations have been passed in order for all employees to have rights within the organisation that they work, Rights such as Equal Pay, Sex Discrimination, Race Relations, Gender Recognition amongst many since as early as the 1970's. (University of Bradford, 2010) Through such laws being passed, men and women are able to work side by side , earn fair pay and have the same standing as man within the working society, though even through these laws, d iscrimination of sexes is still large and racism is still a factor.Individuals differ, and very much so, through ethnicity, physique, gender, family experiences, motivation, attitudes and personality. (Laurie J Mullins, 2010, Chapter 4) ‘Sensitivity to individual needs and differences, especially in terms of their resilience, becomes particularly significant, when organisations embark on change initiatives. Such changes may lead to new mind sets, new attitudes and new perceptions that enable people to cope and adjust to the different world'. Laurie J Mullins, 2010, Chapter 4) People's perception of the working environment has changed so much that for an employer to create a scenario of discrimination is no longer a laughing matter, employers must approach every situation with such sensitivity, they have to consider how people react to situations and how they can deal with individuals as opportunities and as the company changes, especially when culture also happens to e a facto r as mentioned by Schein, ‘a pattern of basic assumptions-invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration'. Laurie J Mullins, 2010, Chapter 6)In Hugh Collins book ‘Employment Law, he states how the employment rights act has paved the way for so many other rights such as anti-discrimination, trade unions and human rights. Through this we can understand that it is due to such laws amongst many others that organisations are literally forced into including rights for people they would not have thought of, and the law that assembles all the issues together is the Equality Act f 2006, where it is stated that there must be equality and human rights, discrimination unlawful on grounds of religion, belief, education etc. nd to create public authorities to create equal opportunity between men and women. (University of Bradford, 2010) These laws have been passed continuously throughout the dec ades in order to allow the greater populace, ever growing in numbers and diversity to engage in work, so they are not heckled at as they choose to earn and make a living for themselves.Each law holding a certain purpose has not only paved the way for diversity in race and eligion, but fundamentally in gender, which has been the concern even till now. How these acts are implemented in the working environment is the most interesting thing, from the advertising to the selection of a person. For example many years back a well renowned advert had been broadcast for some time, by Howard Brown, an employee of Halifax Banking, turned actor to promote his organisation.He was promoted in order to promote. There are many examples like this which allow for diversities to be represented in a positive light, something that wasn't witnessed even a decade ago. Job descriptions have become broader, allowing anyone to apply, by the 1900-2005 racism was still rifled in parts of Europe, especially the I-JK and France, according to a BBC online survey made in 2002, 40% of black people say that they had witnessed racism in a place ot employment, double the tgure tor white people.Looking at t you could it can be noted that even now this number though may have decreased it is still relevantly at an all-time high. Within the selection process, through the advance of educational equality, all generations of people are now educated, hence the growing number of unemployed, eople both educated high or at a lower level are struggling to secure Jobs, this nearly almost causes an issue in selecting Just the right person for the Job, one may have one good image but lack in other etc.There is something called the ‘Halo Effect', this is where if we see them first in a good side it becomes difficult to recognise the bad side in them, for example noticing a person's glowing eyes as being the factor for someone's employment rather than them having what it takes to hold the occupation. The Ec onomist, 2009) In conclusion, looking through the laws that have been passed and the decisions aken to improve on how people are employed through fair recruitment and equality of opportunity is that it allows for greater sympathy to people who want to work, it has now developed into a liking to employ a diverse group, the public eye is ever present on what actions a company takes with its employees and how it runs itself.Organisations do the best they can to apply fair rules and run the company through the passed laws as it shows they are willing to experience each member of its team and become more adaptive in how it deals with its staff. The better they do internally the better they are presented externally.

Book Review Psychology Theology Spirituality in Christian Counseling

Prof. Mark R. McMinn, Ph. D. , at Wheaton College Graduate School in Wheaton, Illinois, directs and teaches in the Doctor of Psychology program. A representative in Clinical Psychology of the American Board of Professional Psychology, McMinn has thirteen years of postdoctoral experience in counseling, psychotherapy, and psychological testing.McMinn have authored some very useful books to his credit these include The Jekyll/Hyde Syndrome: Controlling Inner Conflict through Authentic Living; Cognitive Therapy Techniques in Christian Counseling; Making the Best of Stress: How Life's Hassles Can Form the Fruit of the Spirit; and Christians in the Crossfire (written with James D. Foster). Book review: Psychology Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Mark McMinn evidently accomplished his aim through the book â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling.† That is, he has sketched the definitions, similarities, and differences between these three o verlying subjects for his readers, specifically Christian counselors, pastors, and students. Keeping in view the deviating thoughts on these issues, everyone will not agree with his explanations. Nor will they conform where he sketches the lines of overlap. And perhaps even less with his stance on incorporation or non-integration of these three subjects. Dr. McMinn uses relational cognitive therapy from a Christian perspective. All psychotherapies begin with particular worldview theories—typically a complex amalgam of science and metaphysics.A Christian theology hypothesize that God created and loves human, and all features of our world are stained by the influences of sin, and that God is energetic in curing and renovating that which is broken. From a Christian perception, Relational cognitive therapy can be used with a large range of clients, irrespective of their theological thoughts. The aim is not theological relationship, but psychological growth and spiritual knowledge . Like all psychotherapies, this approach begins with certain worldview theory that may influence clients' beliefs and norms in psychotherapy.These worldview theories should be revealed to clients early in therapy during the informed approval process. This therapy can be used with a broad range of clients, but not by a broad range of therapists. Therapists use this method need to have preparation in cognitive and relational therapies as well as an obvious consideration of a Christian worldview. â€Å"After many years of providing psychotherapy and studying the scientific literature on its effectiveness, I am convinced that good therapy works because it is a place that emulates grace.It is a place of acceptance and mercy, a place where sin and the consequences of sin can be openly explored without the fear of judgment. This frees people to look honestly at themselves, to become more open in their other relationships, and to move forward into richer and deeper connections with those they love. †¦ A place of grace needs to be a place of open exploration and acceptance, where both sin and the consequences of sin can be named and grieved. † (McMinn, 2004, p. 49) This book provides counselors the up to date techniques, theory, and general knowledge that is important to their field.This book explains the vitality of the spiritual subjects in psychotherapy. It assists counselors to put together the biblical principles of rescue, plea, mercy, recompense, and prayer into their counseling tactics. Generally masses are more theological than psychologists, so it is rational to anticipate that clients more probably will bring up theological ideas in therapy. Irrespective of the therapist's individual theological and spiritual beliefs, it is significant to have a fundamental perception of major theological worldviews in order to comprehend clients' faith perspectives.Secondly, many people in psychological pain seek the assistance of clergy rather than psychologis ts. As many as 40% of possible counseling clients look for help from clergy, and only a minimal percentage of these are recommended to mental health professionals. (McMinn & Dominguez, 2005) Thirdly, psychologists have displayed scientific interest in spirituality in last years, and have explored points of conflation in the languages of science and faith.(Tangney & Dearing, 2003) One comparatively undiscovered area in psychology has to do with the Christian structure of sin. This scripture proposes that all humans are stained and injured by misbehavior of their own and of others. A few psychologists and psychiatrists have endeavored into this area, such as Menninger (1973), Mowrer (1960), and McMinn (2004), but majorly psychologists have not thought about the concept of sin in human understanding and behavior.In the most initial treatment procedure, the patient starts to use words like good and bad, and it is our inclination as therapists to minimize the concentration of these words since they are relevant to a value system within the individual which has led to the current state of stress. †¦ We have jointly done an excellent job of minimizing the demonstration of good and bad and a very poor job of substituting these theories with satisfactory explanations which permit the personal self-acceptance and peace. (Graham, 1980, pp.370–371) This book is not a biblical psychology text (it is not a theology of the human soul), infect it never was projected to be such. Nor is it a history of spirituality (again, not its purpose). Nor is it a tactic for daily practice. Its capability, to sketch the concerns that one must think through when considering the possible relation of these disciplines, is its core importance. Therefore it is function as a catalyst. References Graham, S. R. (1980). Desire, belief, and grace: A psychotherapeutic paradigm.Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 17, 370–371. McMinn, M. R. (2004). Why sin matters: The surp rising relationship between our sin and God's grace. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House. McMinn, M. R. , & Dominguez, A. D. (Eds. ). (2005). Psychology and the church. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science. Menninger, K. (1973). Whatever became of sin? New York: Hawthorn Books. Mowrer, O. H. (1960). â€Å"Sin,† the lesser of two evils. American Psychologist, 15, 301–304. Tangney, J. P. , & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. New York: Guilford Pres

Chicago public schools

Although the ex president George Bush said popular quote† No child left behind†, hat is happening in the Chicago Public schools is exactly the opposite. Even if every kid is given the opportunity to go to school some are being given a better education. This essay will argue that the kids that are not getting a good education are the ones that according to Jean Anyone, a professor of education policy at the university of New York, come from a † blue collar family (Anyone 169).The schools that are In wealthy communities are better than those that are In the poor communities because they are given a better education and they live in a safer learning environment. The schools that are in wealthy communities are better than those that are in the poor communities because they have better teaching methods and resources (Anyone 172). In the essay † From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work, † by Jean Anyone, he describes the deference between a † working- class school† and an † executive elite school†.The working-class school consists of parents that have blue- collar Jobs such as, factory workers, pipe welders, and malignant workers (Anyone 170). These Jobs do not require much skill other than following orders given by their employers. Students that attend this type of school are taught to follow the steps of procedures without any decision making because they are being tracked to follow the footsteps of their parents (Anyone 169).For example from the essay † Class in America† by Gregory Manumits, the profile of Cheryl Mitchell shows that she went to a large public school that was patrolled by security guards in Brooklyn, New York (Mantis 309). She was taught basic skills and was conveyed the importance of doing everything under someone else's orders. Her parents both worked blue collard Jobs ND she is currently working as a nurse's aide, which puts her in that same category as them (Mantis 309 ). Her ambition as a little girl was to become a teacher and now her ambition at the age of 38 is † to get out of the ghetto†.On the opposing side an executive elite school Is one that primarily consists of parents that are top executives such as vice-presidents, governors, industrialist, and mayors (Anyone 172). These types of schools require the students to work on their analytical Intellectual powers and to always ask for reasoning through a problem. This Is because these students are eyeing prepared to live a successful life were they too will become apart of the 0. 1 annually (Mantis 303). In the profile of Harold S.Browning, it shows that he went to an exclusive private school in Manhattan, New York. There he was given the finest educational preparation so he could become an owner of a business (Mantis 307). At age 38 he is the owner of his fathers company and living a luxurious life as a † leader in business† (Mantis 307). The comparison between the ed ucation of a child with parents from a blue collard Job and those with white collard Jobs goes to show hat all children are not getting the same education because of their family background.However many of the children that attend working class schools face many challenges that also affect their learning environment because of the neighborhoods that they live in. In the article † His Kind of Town†, by Von Dredge, the mayor of Chicago, Ram Emmanuel spent much of his childhood in a † prosperous† north shore suburb with his wife and three kids that are attending the finest private schools in Chicago. In the article † Update: Chicago School War† by Rob Bartlett , children that got their schools loses down by him live on the west and south side of the city in neighborhoods with high poverty and crime rates.The population of these areas of Chicago consists mainly of Hispanics and Blacks with blue collard Jobs (Bartlett). Most of Chicago homicides took p lace in the west and south side areas in 2012, were there is a high poverty rate ( Dredge). Also the murder rate in Chicago was the highest of the three largest U. S. Cities ( Dredge). From murders per every 100,000 residents, Chicago stood at 18. 6 percent. This left Los Angels and New York City behind with below 8 percent. The offenders were from 1 5 to 24 years old, 77% were black, 20% were Hispanic, and 3% were white (Dredge).Out of the 506 murders that took place in Chicago, 82% were shootings did not occur on the north side ( Dredge). This goes to show how dangerous it is to live in these areas of Chicago, however these children have no choice because it is all that their parents can afford. With the Mayor closing down their schools around their homes, children are now being forced to transfer to other schools, which puts them in greater risk of violence because they have to pass gang mandarins (Bartlett). However, one would hope that these children are only being sent to thes e schools to better their education.The reality of the matter is that they are being welcomed by schools that have similar teaching methods, testing scores, and with not enough resources (Bartlett). From the book Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kola, a child's education that comes from a low-income family in the inner cities, like Chicago, is unequal to those that come from a richer family that is further out from Chicago. School funding in 988 to 1989 school year showed that the Niles Township High School was spending 9,371 dollars per student (Kola 236).However in the Chicago inner cities, students are being funded 5,265 dollars and that's on an average of all grade levels (Kola 236). The difference is more than four thousand dollars and it shows not only the lack of materials in the schools, but also the lack of proficient teachers. Textbooks that are needed in certain classes are not always used or are out of date because the school cannot afford to buy new ones (Kola 51). Since some of these schools can't afford the road for the students to copy into their notebooks (Anyone 174).Most of the teachers in the Chicago inner city schools are over the age of 60 ( Kola 51). This is because the salary that is offered to the young teachers is too low to keep them working there. Some of the older teachers don't show up to teach because they lack excitement for the subjects that they are teaching and ultimately because they are not getting paid enough (Kola 52). When they are asked why, they simply reply, † It makes no difference. Kids like these aren't going anywhere. The city thinks it's saving money on he substitutes.I tell them, Pay now or pay later. â€Å"(Koala 52) So the city relies on low paid substitutes that represent more than 25% of the teaching force (Kola 51). A 15 year old student from Du Sable high school, that is located on the south side of Chicago, says that he has been in a class a whole semester and the school still has not found a teache r for them ( Kola 52). Some high schools in the south side of Chicago even have two or three † study halls† where not much studying goes on (Kola 53). This is because the schools save the cost of teachers by doing this.Many f the classroom sizes are 30 to 36 students per room and the question is, â€Å"how could a teacher accommodate all of these students (Bartlett)? † Well they can't, the teachers risk the chance of having a child fall behind if they don't understand. The teachers also have little or no one on one time with the students. Even if these events in this book took place mostly from 1988 to 1990, it shows that Chicago public schools have been falling apart a long time ago and as Kola puts it, † the rich get a richer quality of education while the poor get less real education (Koala 54).However in the recent years a new type of school has been introduced that would give parents a third choice to decide from, these are called Charter Schools. There is no real solution to the problem that is going on in the Chicago public schools but there now exists another choice for parents that don't want their children to attend a public school nor private if they can't afford it. According to an article from the Chicago Tribune, † Voice of the People,† charter schools are schools that operate similar to a private school however they operate with public money.These schools et their own curriculum, teaching methods and selection of students that get into the school. It is said in the same article that † The Thirst for Charter Schools† is growing every year more (Voice of the people). In 1996, the first charter school opened in Chicago and now there is 132 campuses operating under 58 charters (The thirst for charter schools). The president of the Illinois Network of Charter Schools, Andrew Brow, says that there are 19,000 students waiting for a charter school slot to open and currently 2. Million students are attendi ng a charter school (The thirst for harder schools). However, Just because there is now a third choice to choose from for parents and there children, it does not erase the solid fact that America has to first fix their public schools and neighborhoods with high poverty rates in order to have victory with the charter schools. This is because if in the later future charter schools continue to grow and take over public schools, then slowly they too will start to fail, since it was a problem that was never truly resolved from the core of the problem.The history of the battle over the Chicago public schools is a problem that has entry because of the numerous schools that were closed in the Chicago south and west areas (Bartlett). These footsteps however, are being followed by other states and the problem over who is getting a better education is occurring all over America. There will always be a producer and a consumer Just like their will always be rich and poor people (Anyone 169). Unf ortunately, in America if a child's parents have blue collard Jobs and live in an area with violence and high poverty rates than they have little chance of getting the best education they could receive.When George Bush said† no child left behind†, he forgot to add, † If you have the money to stay ahead†. Work Cited Anyone, Jean. † From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† Rereading America: De. Gary Colombo, Robert Culled, and Bonnie Lisle. Boston: Bedford of SST. Martin's, 2010. 169-185. Print I decided to use this source because it had many connections to the problem with why some kids are getting better education than other. Bartlett, Rob. † Update: Chicago School War† Against the Current 28. 3(2013): 6 Academic Search complete. Web. 22 April.

Chechnya A War That Can

Chechenia: A War That Can # 8217 ; t Be Essay, Research Paper Chechenia: A War that can t be won. History of the independent Chechnya continues on as a bloodsheding struggle that merely can t look to stop. In the summer of 1991, the universe learned that some slackly defined portion of the Checheno-Ingushetia had seceded from RSFSR and the USSR and proclaimed itself an independent province called the Chechen Republic. During the following 10 following old ages the state of affairs in the democracy remained complicated and tense. A 1994-96 war between Russia and Chechnya proved to be lay waste toing to the democracies societal, economical and political construction. Though basking it s de facto independency the democracy was overrun by warlords and their packs that divided the land in between themselves and fought with each other for power. A snatch trade proved to be honoring as many members of human-centered organisations and other aliens were abducted for ransom. The authorities of Aslan Maskhadov, the freshly elected president, was either involved in the condemnable activities itself or was unable to make anything about it. In August 1999, Chechen combatants led by outstanding field commanding officers Shamil Basayev and Jordanian born Khattab crossed into neighbouring Dagestan in order to make an a Muslim province. Repelled by the Russian Armed Forces, the Rebels retreated back in to Chechnya and waited for a Russian invasion that shortly followed. The Russian Federation sent in military personnels in order to penalize the Chechens for a dare assault and besides to destruct the bases of international terrorists that turned the district of Chechnya into safe oasis for felons and kidnapers. The run was labeled as counter terrorist operation and had the support of the bulk of the Russian populace. It was besides a political move by a freshly appointed president, Vladimir Putin, to derive support for his presidential run. With it s military high quality, Russia captured most of Chechnya once more, puting up pro-Moscow authoritiess in local towns and small towns, but the Rebels continue their battle with lo w strength conflicts and riddance s of Chechen functionaries that are loyal to Moscow s government. Today, the brigands are utilizing the tactics of corruption warfare, puting ambuscades on the paths of military convoys and utilizing mines and other explosive devices. The Rebels have a wealth of experience in such operations, because foreign specializers and teachers have trained them. There were two developing cantonments in Chechnya: in Serzhen Yurt and Urus Martan. Fifteen dozenss of explosives were prepared at that place, and five dozenss of this sum was used. Chechnya is non merely a hot topographic point on the map of Russia ; it is an epicentre of international terrorist act and Islamic extremism in the state. It should be remembered that the Chechen war is financed from different including foreign, beginnings, which supply the Rebels non merely with money, but besides with arms and soldier of fortunes. The money is used for enrolling new members, for infiltrating power constructions, and for a elaborate survey and analysis of the military-geographic, socio-political and eco nomical state of affairss in the CIS states with the intent of be aftering subsequent enlargement, including military. The terrorists are besides utilizing internal resources for keeping their combat ability. Known foreign aid comes from the states of Middle East, Baltic States, Poland and Britain. In current winter conditions, despite the snow, the base on ballss are still negotiable and the combatants continue efforts to make the Russo-Georgian boundary line across the Chechen stretch. The debut of the visa government in dealingss with Geor Armed Islamic Group is assisting stabilise the state of affairs on the boundary line of the two states. A peaceable life in war-worn democracy can non be full filled without the aid of local occupants, who have grown sick of eternal wars. The society of Chechnya is split into two cantonments, kins that want peace are largely in the Beloi and Alleroi small towns, which prohibited it s immature people to fall in the illegal armed formations, and soldier of fortunes and local so called warlords to whom war means net income. For illustration, if non for the aid of local well-respected seniors, the federal forces would hold non entered Achkhoi-Martan, northern districts and Chechnyan s 2nd biggest metropolis Gudermes, without a individual shooting. In 1996, the Chechen Rebels answered Russian efforts to sideline them in the mountains with blitz foraies against metropoliss in neighbouring Dagestan and Russia itself. The guerilla subsequently managed to take back parts of their capital Grozny, and Moscow, recognizing the high political and economic costs of keeping on to Chechnya, merely withdrew. To avoid the repetition of those unfortunate 1996 events, federal forces will hold to guard against Chechen motion through the democracy a effort impossible without inhibitory actions against all civilian population. Russian soldiers invariably detain Chechen work forces of contending age into so called filtration cantonments, which are said to be known for awful life conditions, anguish and executings during 1994-96 war. Moscow plans to permanently station 15,000 military personnels in the democracy after the war ends. Currently Russia has approximately 90,000 military personnels in the part, harmonizing to Kremlin s spokesman, Sergei Yastrezembski. Prosecuting the Chechen combatants in the mountains could turn out every bit hard. The terrain makes the usage of heavy weapon and armour about impossible, taking the chief advantage Russia has against a skilled guerilla force of lightly armed Rebels. If the Russian military wants to prosecute the Rebels on pes, it will hold to perpetrate a significant figure of forces and be prepared to digest high casualties. In the nineteenth century, Russian run against modern-day North Caucasus Rebel Imam Shamil some 500,000 military personnels were needed to set down a twenty-year rebellion. The technological progress the Russians enjoy over the Rebels today removes the demand for so many military personnels, but some of the advantages will be lost in the mountains. In an indicant that the armed forces may direct a force into the mountains, Moscow is directing a 3,500 paratrooper elect regiment trained in close combat and endurance accomplishments to the cragged part. Besides trade name new sop histicated assault choppers KA-50 Black Shark, and KA-52 Alligator are to see action against the combatants, but as NATO learned in Kosovo, even the most sophisticated engineerings are comparatively impotent against a skilled enemy. Whether Moscow likes or non, merely a political understanding between the two sides will convey this current struggle to an terminal. Russia argues that all the field commanding officers must give up and confront the charges of mutiny, engagement in illegal armed formations and war offenses against their people before it will get down any sort of dialogues. But ironically, they say that there is no 1 in Chechnya that hasn Ts covered themselves in blood whom they can keep negotiations with and with that determination Moscow is in for a long period of low strength combat. With the casualties lifting every twenty-four hours, it s a affair of clip before the public sentiment and the female parents of dead military mans will coerce the current leading of the Kremlin to come to a some sort of political understanding with the rebellious democracies leading.

Strateguc Management of Apple Inc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strateguc Management of Apple Inc - Assignment Example The main internal factors that have impacted the functioning of Apple Inc, and the strategic management processes and decisions of the company are discussed as follows. Resources and capabilities of the company: The availability of resources and capabilities including financial resources, physical resources, human resources and other key competencies of the company are major internal deciding factors for the strategic management of Apple Inc. The company is rich in terms of both tangible and intangible resources which act as value adding factors for the technology giant. The cur competencies of Apple Inc. like product designing capabilities, high investments made in fostering radical innovations, breakthrough inventions, highly robust research and development systems act as the key strengths as well as the Critical Success Factors (CSF) of the company. Thus, the business focuses on leveraging on such competencies and resources to create a strategically advanced position for the corpo ration in the global technology industry. The company has also remained highly efficient in product design and development which forms the backbone for the operability of a technological company. Te high investments made in the research and development arenas of the organization also add to the success of the company. The company culture and the shared values within the organization are other important external factors that can negatively or positively impact the growth, success, sustainability and future direction of Apple Inc.

UNIT 3 ACTIVITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UNIT 3 ACTIVITY - Essay Example Of most significance is my desire to be able to contribute positively to the lives of people I meet. To do this, I consider a rational and consistent approach to be essential. Emotionally I strive to keep up a continued positive and compassionate attitude, so that the people I encounter can accept me as someone who does not influence them negatively. Instead, I would prefer to be understood as a person who is able to help by accepting and listening to others without preconceptions or prejudices, or even my own emotional state influencing my interactions. While I do understand that this approach is important in the practice of psychology, it is also clear that this helps in all my interactions with people: professional, in the academic context, and personally within my family and friendship circle. The most important relationships in my life are with my close family members. To ensure that these relationships grow is an ongoing goal. I believe that these relationships contribute to success in everything I do. They certainly help me to maintain a balanced, rational, and consistent approach in my life. The honestly expressed opinions of those close to me help me to make difficult decisions with the security that I am advised by people who care for me. Further, I want to focus on becoming someone my family can look to when their decisions are difficult. We should be able to offer reciprocal and non-judgmental support to one another in all situations, so that we are all able to succeed personally and professionally. I believe that this kind of support â€Å"at home† will help anyone to succeed in their lives. In order to satisfy my academic needs, I aim to achieve a doctoral degree. I enjoy academic study so continuing to pursue new knowledge and skills contributes to my personal well-being. To achieve well within an academic sphere also allows me to build and maintain a good self-image – I feel that I am working hard to meet my potential, while moving closer

Internet Fraud and the Need For Public Education Essay

Internet Fraud and the Need For Public Education - Essay Example Fraud detection software and security patches can barely outpace the criminals who are constantly in search of a vulnerability to exploit. Firewalls, password technology, and biometric devices all contribute to making the personal data that is available on the Internet more secure, but it is usually the gullibility and ignorance of the computer user that is the weak link in the security chain. Professional and public education is the most effective method for reducing and eliminating the crime of Internet Fraud. Internet fraud is an important issue based on the magnitude of the economic cost and the number of people who are at risk of becoming a victim of fraud. While the overall number of crimes reported has experienced a slight drop in recent years, combined losses for the US and the UK is on the rise and topped $12 billion in 2007 when as many as 1 in 13 people unwittingly gave out personal information to scammers (Johnson 2008; 'Protect yourself online'). In the US, financial losses for Internet fraud have skyrocketed from $183.2 million in 2005 to $8.5 billion in 2007 (Dignan 2008, p.33; 'Protect yourself online'). ... Criminals have turned to Internet fraud in increasing numbers because their identity is easy to conceal, few resources are required to perpetuate the crime, there is easy access to countless potential victims, and they can operate in geographic locations where pursuing prosecution is complicated (Grazioli & Wang 2001, p.194). All these factors influence the type of fraud engaged in, the method of working the scam, and the selection of the victim. Anyone who comes into contact with the Internet can become the victim of Internet fraud, but there are some markers that indicate segments of the population who are typically more at risk. Perpetrators are overwhelmingly male, with only one out of four being female (Dignan 2008, p.33). Professional criminals will often target banks that are known to have lax security systems or a low rate of fraud recovery (Anderson 2007, p.5). The most common Internet fraud is the illegal downloading of software or music, and 25 percent of the 10 to 25-year-old age group admitted to committing this crime in 2004 (Wilson et al. 2006, p.iv). The personal victims are twice as likely to be male rather than female, and males lose a greater amount of money per transaction on average (Dignan 2008, p.33). Internet auction fraud, which accounts for two-thirds of the fraud complaints, had a median loss of $800, while the median loss for all Internet fraud was $424 (Bywell & Oppenheim 2001, p.267; Dignan 2008, p.33). As with crime in general, small losses are generally unreported.