Greeks and Extra Marital Sex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greeks and Extra Marital Sex - Essay Example Many societies believe that sexual pleasures are only realized in a committed relationship, which is governed by love. In spite of customs, sexual characteristics, age and marital status, a devoted affiliation usually include a sexual devotion. Such commitments are necessary for preserving the promise of love. Hence, violation of the promise of love may lead to legal issues, and it is an unethical act. Thesis: Although, extramarital sex is regarded as morally and legally wrong; it is also discouraged in many societies because it contributes to diverse consequences such as divorce, punishment and even death. The moral question has been a significant issue since history and immorality have never been accepted in the society basing on legal and religious grounds; thus, the thesis is worth plausible. This is because people knew to differentiate right from wrong; thus, extramarital issues have never been accepted. The spirits and God authorized the proper way of action and penalty for goi ng against the law. In other words, morality and religious issues have been virtually identical, but atheistic moral issues appeared in the late age of civilization. Aesthetic dogmatic have always charged the moral actions of human being. However, sexual behaviors whether adultery, infidelity or other immoral acts have never been illegally nor morally accepted in the society. ... The issue of moral convictions dates back to the historical background especially the ancient time of Christianity and Judaism. The sexual morality has been influenced by varied religious convictions, and the influence was quite often indirect, restrained or concealed (Carmichael123). Therefore, it is significant to cast the cursory glance of some western religion and focus of the biblical teachings about humanity sexual behaviors and moral principles in the society. For instance, the early Greeks had affirmative stance towards sexuality, but this has profoundly changed due to western influences. They viewed sex as basic life vigor, and sexual urges were acknowledged as principally good. They also understood that all their gods virtually directed them to enthusiastic and diverse sex lives. The research carried out revealed that sexual conduct is a highly regulated activity, and it has emerged as a complex web of legal regulation of impressionistic (Chamallas 777). The sex decree func tions as a value, and it underlies the vision of proper sexual behaviors. The legal regulations concerning sex arise at different occasions, but in history, sex law was identified the concern of bold belief. The strict laws and discouragement of sex basing on strong moral foundations in the Greece society enabled the society to reduce incidences of STIs and other varied consequences. For instance, the empirical study carried out indicated that Greece continues to be the remaining nation among the European countries with the least rate of STIs such as Aids. This is because cases of immoral behaviors have been highly discouraged since history up to the present. The inherent philosophical considerations and the rationality are the issue of consideration in the extra-marital sex

Violence Associated with Integration at Little Rock Central High The Essay

Violence Associated with Integration at Little Rock Central High The Little Rock Nine as Individuals - Essay Example Little Rock incident or crisis as it is usually called is a proof of the same kind of racial discrimination. Oryal Faubus was the Governor of Arkansas at that time. Faubus tried to stop the students who were African-Americans to enter the school. This was solely on the basis of racial issues. Initially the students had to face a lot of trouble to stay in the school as the Governor was against allowing them to even enter the school. They were allowed to enter the school, join the classes and finally graduate from this school after the intervention of President Eisenhower (Lanier, 2009). By the mid of 20th century, the African-American movement of equal civil rights was also on its peak. Considering the changes that were taking place in the social fabric of American life, people were becoming less extremist and thus the African-Americans were being accepted as normal human beings by many. Faubus was however not one of them. When these kids were to attend the school on their first day, they were stopped by the National Guard. Troops from National Guard of Arkansas tried to stop these kids from entering the school and once these African-Americans entered the school, they were harassed by mobs making threats to them. It was of course not a very pleasant situation for them (Kirk, 2008). By that time, the historic 1954 verdict of U.S. Supreme court was already out. According to this verdict of Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, all segregated schools were considered to be not following the constitution of America. The American constitution is not in favor of racial discrimination. However, before 1954, many segregated schools operated in the U.S. as there was no fully defined law against these schools. By 1954, all schools which were segregated and did not allow students from African-American origin to get admission and study were asked to desegregate and allow all students on the basis of merit to get admission in this school. This was a time when National Associa tion for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was fully active. This organization tried to get registered as many black students as possible in the schools which were good but were all white only a couple of years before. Their attempts were more successful in the south. Violence Associated with the Little Rock Nine Crises: Little Rock School Board of Arkansas decided to go with the Supreme Court ruling in 1955. They passed their own plan of integration of black students in 1955. Virgil Blossom was the superintendent of schools and his plan which was approved was to be implemented from 1957, the year these Little Rock nine got admission in this school. By the efforts of NAACP, nine black students were admitted to this school in 1957 (Gordy, 1997). These kids were selected on the basis of their educational background and the grades they have acquired so far. The Little Rock 9 was a name given to this group of black students who joined this school in 1957. Their names were Green, Eckford, Thomas, Roberts, LaNier, Brown, Karlmark, Mothershed and Beals. Earnest Green who was born in 1941 was the first one of these black students to graduate from this school (Faubus, 1980). When these students were admitted to this school a lot of people who wanted segregation on the basis of racial discrimination held protests against this school. The first violent reaction to the admission of these students to the school was the blockade by these protestors to not allow the students to enter the school. Governor Orval Faubus helped them further by deploying National Guard troops to stop these students from entering the school premises. He was clearly in favor of segregation. In the nation however, there was a

Reasons for the gender pay gap

Reasons for the gender pay gap Since 1960, the feminization in the European work force is a phenomenon unquestionable. Indeed, today in France of 100 employed people, 47 are women contrary to 1962 where they were 34. In spite of this increase, sex is a significant decisive of professional position in working places (De Curraize, Y., Hugouneny, R., (2004)). This gender discrimination results through the gap of salaries between men and women. We consider in this study gender that gender gap defines oneself as a measure of the difference between the earning of men and women (Andrew Barnard (August 2008) p.18). Certainly, a number of significant review and reports have revealed that women in both full time and part time work earn less than men. Therefore, it remains professional disparities between men and women. To understand this gender discrimination, our analysis focuses on pay according sexes. Firstly, a current situation regarding women work will give basing on factors and reasons that have contributed to this situation. Secondly, a legal position will be analyzed through government initiatives set up to reduce this issue. Finally, the measures that organizations should and could take to eliminate gender pay gap will be examined. First of all, this part will focus on the current situation regarding women work and will find the factors which are contributed to this situation. Above all, it is necessary to define payment to understand our subject. Indeed, payment defines oneself as an income and all contractual terms and conditions including a basic salary and other benefits for example bonus, pension scheme, company car that could receive an employees. Today, the pay gap between men and women tend to decrease but it remains narrowed slightly. Indeed in the UK, the statistics revealed that pay gap between sexes is 12,2 per cent in 2009 while in 2008 it was 12,6 per cent. Therefore, sexes pay gap decreased however it has not removed. Moreover, according to Employee Benefits in Salary Survey (2009) the mean salary of men including rewards differs from  £16,000 above the mean salary of women. (Jones, Ben (December 2009)). Furthermore, in regard to the median earning, it is noticeable that the average pay of man in 2006 is  £11.71 contrary to women which is  £10.24. Anon (11/9/2006) Sexes pay gap shrinks. We could wonder if the women work is being valued equally to men. According to Anon (01/11/1999), the women work is 20 per cent less valuable than mens work. However, it is difficult to understand the pay gap if pay is not associated to observable factors. In fact, to analyze difference of income between men and women, we have to add the age, the region the occupation industries and sectors variables (Andrew Barnard (August 2008) p.23). According to Appendices 1, 2 and 3, it is to say that these variables have a significant impact on earnings. Firstly, if we focus on age effect on earning according to gender we can see that men progress faster than woman until 21-22 years old, then earnings increase at a similar rate until age 40 and after 46 years women earning are high than men. (See appendix 1) This tendency can be explained by the fact that women tend to return later to the working market due to their career breaks when they are pregnant. Secondly, if we choose the variable of occupational effects (See appendix 2) it is argueable that there is a difference of earnings between men and woman in managers and senior officials higher than administrative and secretarial occupations. In fact people who work within professional and technical occupations, career breaks are damaging people future earnings less who work within professional and technical occupations that means career is more flexible compared to senior officials occupations. Finally, in appendix 3 it can be seen clearly that women are submit to discrimination in m anufacturing, agriculture and fishing, energy and quarrying sectors due to their lack of skills in this sector. Only, the public sector offers roughly the equal earnings according gender. Finally, we can study the mentality of European Union members that know their feelings about the subject and know if for them it is natural that women work less than men in nowadays. (See appendix 4). The survey reveals that Europeans opinions differ from one country to another. In France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal the majority of pooled people are discordant to this statement. Contrary to Greece, Bulgaria, Lithuania which are agree to say that it is normal that women work less than men. (European Commission (2009)) the results of this survey show very well that the mentalities are difficult to change and this contributes to discriminate women working. Discrimination occurs when one persons wage is different from another otherwise identical persons for reasons of non-productivity related characteristics such as gender Andrew Barnard (August 2008). Therefore, it is questionable why women are paid less than men. Andrews Barnard thinks it results from a combination of discriminatory and economic reasons. According to De Curraize, Y., Hugouneny, R., (2004), allocation of time between productive and domestic spheres is often in favor or men. Indeed, the salary of women is often a supplementary salary whereas men are specialized in working area. Moreover, stereotypical perceptions of women still remains through a lack of flexibility due to their needs to reconcile demands of career and family, some negative effects of masculine organizational culture. As reported by the minister of employment, social cohesion and housing (2006), women are less paid than men because their working time is lower than mens men working time. Indeed women work more frequently than men in part-time, they are doing more complementary hours but less lucrative than supplementary hours. In other part, men in average jobs are paid more than women in such that their supplementary hours are also in average better pay. Moreover, the pay gap between men and women is not only due to discrimination. Indeed, Hakims (2004) argues that it is a scientific theory. Men and women have different main interests and they find their fulfillment through differ balance. Of 100 women, 20 are work centred, 20 are home centred and 60 are adaptive. And on 100 men 30 are adaptive, 60 are work centred and 10 are home centred. Furthermore, it can be add also that women have a profile career easier to damage than men. The presence of children is of course a reason to cease activity particularly in women less qualified. Concerning women who have a high level of studies, maternity has an effect of working length with a transition of part-time to conciliate work and family life. Finally, women are concentrated in less lucrative fields often they are focus on health, social, teaching jobs at the expense of scientific and engineer field therefore we can speak about of occupational segregation (De Curraize, Y., Hugouneny, R., (2004)). Finally, Goldberg (1973) thinks that the male dominance in the working area could come from their hormones. Indeed, their attraction of competition, assertiveness, and dominant are due to their testosterone. Therefore, it is obvious for them to be in high hierarchy. To conclude this part, we can consider that discriminal in pay, occupational segregation and the unequal impact womens family responsibilities are three main factors which contribute to the gender gap. In this second part, a legal position regarding women work will be given through government initiatives. The main actors who contributed most to progress in the area of gender equality according to survey of European Commission (2009) are associations representing womens interests, national equality organization, trade unions, the European Institutions (European Parliament, European Commission, European Council), National public authorities, NGOs, and Employers representatives. Firstly, we will see that some convention, laws and ratification will create to reduce gender discrimination. Firstly, on the European level, some texts have been ratified. First of all the principle of equality between men and women defined in article 119 of Roma Treaty (1957) which announces the equality of pay without discrimination based on sex. This implies a payment given for a same job being establish in the basis of the same unit of measurement and that the payment given for a job paid being the same for the same work position. On the national level, the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) and United Kingdom Parliament have enforced The equal pay act in 1970 which is amended in 1983 based on prohibition of any less favorable treatment between men and women in terms of pay and conditions of employment. The term pay is interpreted in a broad sense to include, on top of wages, things like holidays, pension rights, company perks and some kinds of bonuses. Also, Sex discrimination Act dated of 1975 protects men and women from discrimination on the grounds of sex or marriage. Moreover, this Act is mainly in relation to employment, training, education, harassment, the provision of goods and services, and the disposal of premises. Other amendments have been introduced by the Sex Discrimination Act 1986, the Employment Act 1989, the Equality Act 2006, and other legislation such as rulings by the European Court of Justice. In February 2001, the EOC sets up Equal pay task force publishing a report to eliminate gender pay gap and almost try to understand it, take evidence and suggest commendation about how to close the gap through amending social economic and labour market policies to complement equal pay measures for instance flexibility, training opportunities. This report lays down 5 multi-levels to addressing the issue. The first one is raising levels of awareness and developing a common understanding of what the pay gap means, the second is reforming and modernising the equal pay legislation, then capacity building to ensure that employers and trade unions know how to implement equal pay, the fourth is enhancing transparency and developing accountability for delivering pay equality and the final one is amending social, economic and labour market policies to complement equal pay measures (Equal Pay Task Force Report (2001)). The law of 23 March 2006 has the same goal of Equal pay task force however this law leads to a sanction when there is no plan of curbing professional inequalities in com panies. (Gottely-Fayet J. (Mars 2010)) James Purnell, Minister of State for Pensions Reforms (March 2007) would allow men to share more domestic responsibilities. As reality has proved that men are already doing more within the household, but they still do less than women. This pensions reforms stands for tackle to stereotypical career paths (job suited to women for example Women and Work Commission- Five Cs), remove stereotypes embedded in organizational culture for instance women in support roles and reduce stereotypical view of men as managers (Managing diversity for equal diversity course slides). We have to notice also the Governments Ten Year Childcare Strategy (2nd December 2004) which is setting up to improve parents life. It relies on 4 principles which include the choice and the flexibility which is means that parents have a large choice about balancing work and family life, the availability concerning families with children aged up to 14 who need it, an affordable, high-quality childcare place is available in o rder to meets their expectations, the quality where a high-quality provision with a highly skilled childcare is promoted and finally the affordability where families could be able to afford flexible high-quality childcare that is appropriate to their needs according to the Government office for London (2004). And finally the Equality Act 2006 allowing to the British Government to introduce regulations outlawing discrimination on the ground of sexual orientation in goods and services in both Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the Sexual Orientation Regulations 2006) and a provision relating to the creation of a public duty to promote equality on the ground of gender. Finally, can be seen that government shows the will to remove discrimination through creative equal opportunities initiatives based on career-break schemes, work place nursery, women-only training programs, special holidays, work-sharing and part-time employment. (Firth-Cozens, J. and A. West (1990)) Government initiatives against discrimination are not enough to succeed to reach a total equality between men and woman. Indeed, other strategies within companies can be used to combat pay gap. Firstly, according to Jones, Ben (December 2009) a greater transparency is necessary in the companies, the availability of pay showing detailed job evaluations. For instance, in the public sector equal pay monitoring is a compulsory requirement. Employees have to make audits to publish gender gap in order to aware on discrimination, review existing policies within their companies and to re-examine how your staff are paid. The audit results will help to identify and address pitfalls in pay systems. It will also suggest good basis for create new policies or improving old ones. If companies are enrolled in fair pay this allow to have a positive impact on staff motivation and retention. It will also improve trust in the employer/employee relationship. EOC Equal opportunities commission (2009) pointed out. Some others measures should be taken to reduce the pay gap between men and women like impose penalties on company guilty of gender based pay discrimination, intensifying efforts to combat prejudice and generally negative accepted areas concerning women that is means challenging stereotypes; facilitate responsibility women positions through formal monitoring programs, remove barriers of inflexible working; improve access for women and men to sectors and jobs in which they are under-represented for example apply a fair recruitment and selection procedures and finally enhancing the standing of the sectors or jobs in which a majority of women are employed like combining work and family life, lifelong opportunities for women in training and work, embedding quality part-time work and improving careers advice. European Commission Survey (2009) p.67 Moreover, EOC proposes a guide to employers on equal pay between men and women under the sex discrimination ordinance. Indeed, company can enroll in Equal Pay Policy in order to have a good employment practice to maintain open communication with staff. This policy permits to ensure to employees a clear understanding on problems relating to their career within their organizations and understand principles affections their remuneration throughout their working life within their company. The Equal Pay Policy should cover the following requirement in order to combat pay gap: Some commitment are recommended like organizations commitment to support the principle of equal pay between men and women, an outline of the policies and practices undertaken by the organization to ensure pay equity, a commitment to carry out equal pay self-audits periodically and to take corrective actions if necessary, another one to provide resources to monitor equal pay practice in the organization, an account of actions taken and results obtained to validate compliance on equal pay under the Sex Discrimination Ordinance and the establishment of a mechanism to provide assistance to staff to address equal pay concerns. To sum it up Governments, organizations and institutions show their will to reduce and remove gender gap thanks to some Acts and laws such as the Equal Pay Act, Equality Act or Governments ten year child care strategy. Also, some strategies are implemented within companies like the development of a certain transparency, audits, fair recruitment, and career advice. In spite of the reduction of gender pay gap, we notice that it still remains through some statistics which show discrimination in pay, occupational segregation and unequal impact womens family responsibilities. There are good reasons to be optimistic about the future because the majority of Europeans consider that it is not normal that a women work less than men therefore the mentalities are changing however to combat women work discrimination it is questionable if the image of the women should be less stereotype in the media? Appendices Figure 1 Andrew Barnard (August 2008) Modelling the gender pay gap in the UK: 1998 to 2006 Figure 2 Andrew Barnard (August 2008) Modelling the gender pay gap in the UK: 1998 to 2006 Figure 3 Andrew Barnard (August 2008) Modelling the gender pay gap in the UK: 1998 to 2006 Figure 4 European Commission (2009), Gender equality in the EU in 2009

Standing Alone Against the World in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead Essay

Standing Alone Against the World in Ayn Rand's The Fountainhead Conformity is a basic human characteristic that man spends a life time either fighting or accepting, but few can escape.   Parents, churches, schools, and communities teach that the path Peter Keating follows is the assured road to security and happiness.   Humans crave companionship and are willing to sacrifice their values, beliefs, and very souls for the satisfaction of superficial love.   Howard Roark demonstrates that true happiness comes from within, at the end of a wearisome road.   He confirms this ideal through exhaustible determination struggling from burdensome beginnings to almost unattainable goals without relenting to pressures from society.   This concept of non-conformity is exemplified throughout the novel.   It is most clearly defined in Howard's resolution to work for Henry Cameron, his rejection of the A.G.A., and the Cortlandt Housing project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Howard Roark elucidates from the very beginning that he is going to work for Henry Cameron, a revolution considering Cameron's present state, or lack thereof.   Roark is laughed at for having such a fatuous goal but hardly notices the acrimonious criticism that follows him. Even Henry Cameron himself rebukes Howard Roarks efforts to study under him, and only relents to Howard's wishes after he feels that he can no longer bear to reject such talent.   The demonstration of drive and determination as well as defiance of basic rules of social structure make it difficult to not admire this aspiring architect.   It is clear at this point that Howard Roark is going to get what he wants, and he has no concern for what anyone else thinks of it. Roark establishes his own practice and has a conversatio... ...y and non-conformity is highlighted in the exchange between Peter Keating and Howard Roark on the A.G.A, as Howard has no intent of entertaining any such invitation and Peter can think of nothing sweeter.   Finally, Howard Roark reaches a pinnacle of non-conformity as he destroys the only hold society ever had on him, the Cortlandt Housing Project.   Howard Roark is a standard that one can strive towards, realistically, however, it would be almost impossible to follow in his footsteps.   Even in striving to reach his level one conforms to a set of idea, in a sense one conforms to non-conformity.   This novel illustrates in an effective manner that happiness must be reached through holding fast to one's own values.   Perhaps defying society is not the path many would choose, but Ayn Rand certainly presents a challenge to all in her message of   misery and happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Animals and Birds Should Never Be Kept in Cages

â€Å"Animals and birds should never be kept in cages† A cage is defined as an enclosure used to confine or protect something. People nowadays keep animals in cages for entertainment and profit purposes. However, there are other reasons, such as the importance of preserving the species to ensure it does not go into extinction and giving people a chance to appreciate wildlife that is impossible to find in a modern city. Therefore, to a great extent I agree that animals and birds should be kept in cages. To begin with, caging animals and birds prevent them from going into extinction. By caging animals in enclosures that simulate their natural environments, these animals will not be vulnerable. They are allowed to roam around the space provided without their natural instinct to live in the â€Å"wild† being destroyed. By providing animals and birds food and proper medical care, their healths are taken care of. If we let the animals live in the wild untouched, they may be prone to contracting diseases. Not only that, they are more subjected to being hunted. Furthermore, animals are not evenly distributed around the world due to the differences in the habitats that they live in. These animals allow humans to appreciate wildlife more. Humans will be exposed to different types of species available including those that exist in natural abundance and those that are endangered. This increases their awareness about the wild. By portraying endangered species, humans may pay more attention to preserve them. This also helps to prevent animals from going into extinction. For instance, the White Tigers at the Singapore Zoological Garden are kept in enclosures that resemble their natural habitat. According to research, there are six subspecies of tigers left in the world and one of them is The White Tigers. On the flip side, some people may claim that caging the animals and birds is unethical as it deprives them of their freedom. However, I cannot agree to this statement. As I have stated, animals are kept in enclosures that are big enough for them to roam around. This does not deprive animals of their freedom. In conclusion, it is important to cage animals as it reaps benefits for both animals and humans. Indeed, it is my conviction that animals and birds should be kept in cages.

Appendicitis

In the position of the appendix, age of the patient, and degree of inflammation make the clinical presentation of appendicitis notoriously inconsistent. Statistics report that 1 of 5 cases of appendicitis is misdiagnosed; however, a normal appendix is found In 15-40% of patients who have an emergency appendectomy. Niwa et al reported an Interesting case of a young woman with recurrent pain In who was referred for appendicitis, treated with antibiotics, and was found to have an ppendiceal diverticulitis associated with a rare pelvic pseudocyst at laparotomy after 12 months. 15] Her condition was probably due to diverticular perforation of the pseudocyst_ Symptoms The classic history of anorexia and perlumblllcal pain followed by nausea, right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, and vomiting occurs in only 50% of cases. Nausea is present in 61-92% of patients; anorexia is present in 74-78% of patients. Neither finding is statistically different from findings in patients who present to the emerg ency epartment with other etiologies of abdominal pain. In addition, when vomiting occurs, it nearly always follows the onset of pain.Vomiting that precedes pain Is suggestive of Intestinal obstruction, and the diagnosis of appendicitis should be reconsidered. Diarrhea or constipation Is noted In as many as of patients and should not be used to discard the possibility of appendicitis. The most common symptom of appendicitis is abdominal pain. Typically, symptoms begin as periumbilical or epigastric pain migrating to the right lower quadrant (RLQ) f the abdomen. This pain migration is the most discriminating feature of the patient's history, with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 80%, a positive Ilkellhood ratio of 3. 8, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0. 5. [3] Patients usually Ile down, flex their hips, and draw their knees up to reduce movements and to avoid worsening their pain. Later, a worsening progressive pain along with vomiting, nausea, and anorexia are desc ribed by the patient. usually. a fever is not present at this stage. The duration of symptoms Is less than 48 hours In approximately 80% of adults but tends to be longer In elderly persons and In those with perforation.Approximately 2% of patients report duration of pain in excess of 2 weeks. A history of similar pain is reported in as many as 23% of cases, but this history of similar pain, in and of itself, should not be used to rule out the possibility of appendicitis. In addition to recording the history of the abdominal pain, obtain a complete summary of the recent personal history surrounding gastroenterologic, genitourinary, nd pneumologlc conditions, as well as consider gynecologic history In female patients.An inflamed appendix near the urinary bladder or ureter can cause Irrltatlve v0101ng symptoms ana nematurla or pyurla. cystltls In male patlents Is rare in the absence of instrumentation. Consider the possibility of an inflamed pelvic appendix in male patients with appare nt cystitis. Also consider the possibility of appendicitis in pediatric or adult patients who present with acute urinary retention.

Male and Female Menopause essays

Male and Female Menopause essays Our physical ability peaks in early adulthood however, like the declining daylight after the summer solstice, our muscular strength and reaction time begin to wither. In later life, the stairs are no longer an option if the elevators around. The newsprint gets smaller and people begin to mumble. So begins the era in ones life scientifically known as the mid-life crisis. Women, because they mature earlier than men, experience this first. However men do not stay far behind. Menopause has always been a term related to just women and not men. Conclusive research and studies have proven that men go through menopause as well. Though men and women go through menopause, there are various differences in the way they experience it. For men, male menopause (also known as andropause or viropause) begins with hormonal, physiological chemical changes that occur in all men generally between the ages of forty and fifty-five, though it can occur as early as thirty five or as late as fifty-five. For women, menopause is an important part of their lives. Their bodies go through changes that affect her social life and her feelings about herself. Menopause is the medical term for the end of a womens menstrual period. It occurs when the ovaries stop making hormones called estrogen and progesterone. This causes estrogen and progesterone levels to drop and leads to the end of monthly menstrual periods. This usually occurs in women at the ages of forty-five through sixty, but can happen earlier. Men go through a change very much like women in their middle years, they like women experience the hormonal changes that affect their sexuality, mood, and temperament. The difference is that men dont experience the crisis; they just continue living. Men, unlike women, can experience menopause differently in the sense that they will go through the stages of their lives differently. Almost all women go thro...

Comparing and Contrasting Four Early Civilizations Essay Essays

Comparing and Contrasting Four Early Civilizations Essay Essays Comparing and Contrasting Four Early Civilizations Essay Paper Comparing and Contrasting Four Early Civilizations Essay Paper About all the modern civilisations of the universe can follow back their beginnings to the world’s four earliest civilisations emerged in four different parts of the universe in approximately the same clip. These four civilisations were the ancient Chinese. Indus Valley. Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian Civilizations. The outgrowth of these civilisations is the trademark of a new age. Though it is non yet proved that there was any interaction between these four civilisations and likely all four have been developed indigenously in their ain alone fortunes. but they posses singular similar features. One of the most outstanding similarities is the geographic location where they developed i. e. river vales. Despite these similarities they have their ain unique features non found in the others. Religion is another interesting phenomenon sing these civilisations. In the early phases of human history faith has played a polar function in developing the day-to-day life features of any civilization. This paper will compare and contrast the two eastern civilisations i. e. the Chinese and Indus Valley with their western opposite numbers i. e. the Mesopotamian and the Egyptian civilisations sing the influence of the faith in the development of the day-to-day life civilization. Chinese and Indus Valley Civilization: The Chinese civilisation developed in the Yellow river vale. The earliest of the Chinese civilizations harmonizing to the Chinese tradition are the Xia and Shang dynasties. Though there are no archaeological findings and records of the former. the latter has left a singular sum of archaeological remains through which we can cognize much better about their civilization and faith. The Shang civilization worshipped a supreme divinity called â€Å"Shang Ti† significance â€Å"Lord o the High† . This supreme God other deputies each control a natural force like Sun. Moon. air current and rain etc. Because Shang Ti non merely command human personal businesss and besides the Universe the God was termed by the ulterior â€Å"Chou† civilization as Eden. This remained the official faith of all the Chinese dynasties until the twentieth century. In order to delight the supreme God human forfeits were made. The forfeits were normally involved slaves and captives of war. The Chou male monarchs farther elevated themselves and proclaimed to move as an mediator between the Eden and the Earth. They were given the authorization of taking attention of the public assistance of the people of the Earth. This phenomenon had the greatest influence on the ulterior societal and philosophical developments in the Chinese civilization like Confucianism and Taoism. The Indus Valley Civilization is though every bit singular as the antediluvian Chinese one but without the reading of its books and Hagiographas. which is yet to be done. there are really small archaeological findings supplying sound and unambiguous inside informations about their faith. The largely found spiritual artefacts are the seals and statues of a female divinity and a bull. Fortunately both these are widespread and good known in the Mediterranean and Western Asian part. The female cult is the divinity of birthrate while the bull is the normally worshiped since the Neolithic period in assorted parts. Though there are no temples excavated from the full Indus vale country the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro was surely used for spiritual intents. Cleanliness and bathing was an of import pattern non merely because of wellness grounds but besides because of spiritual importance. Many seals of different natural beginnings like trees particularly the pipal tree suggest that idolizing nature was besides a common pattern. which is still found and practiced in modern Hinduism. The major influence of faith on the Indus Valley people is evident in the signifier of covered drains and Great Bath and proper planning of their metropoliss. Mesopotamian and Egyptian Civilization: The Mesopotamian faith was besides polytheist in nature and their were several Gods and divinities. like Utu ( The Sun God ) . An ( God of the celestial spheres ) and Enlil ( the God of air ) etc. In Mesopotamia each metropolis has its ain God or goddess. which takes attention the public assistance of its dwellers. Each metropolis has a temple which has a tower called Ziggurat. This tower is believed to move as a connexion between the Earth and the celestial spheres. The god’s responsibility was to maintain the metropolis safe from encroachers and every immorality. On the other manus it was the peoples’ responsibility to carry through the stuff demands of their Gods. That’s why there was a tradition of fixing and functioning repasts for the Gods and goddesses. The most powerful and supreme God was Enlil ( the God of air ) . The dwellers were besides expected to offer congratulations. anthem. and forfeits for the local temples of the Gods. The people believed that maintaining the God pleased will do them prosper while if the God is angry or annoyed it will do their life miserable. That’s why the priest of the temple has the cardinal function in the city’s community. Most of the priests of the early Mesopotamian metropoliss were their several priests. The Egyptian faith is besides polytheist in nature and has several Gods. The male monarchs function is the most of import as he was believed as the boy of the God â€Å"Re† ( The Sun God ) . Like the Mesopotamian faith every metropolis has its ain God and divinity which controlled and regulated the personal businesss of the metropolis. These Gods and divinities were represented in the signifiers of animate beings. The people of the several metropoliss make offerings and forfeits to these divinities in order to delight them and achieve their approvals. These offerings were made in temples situated in every metropolis. Soon these Gods and divinities were given human properties and qualities and signifiers. Subsequently during the clip of the â€Å"New Kingdom† a three of great Gods â€Å"Osiris. Iris and Horus† was developed. But the Sun God remained supreme and the male monarch as his boy acted on his behalf as an mediator between the God and his people. Comparison: There are several singular similarities in the both the western and the eastern civilisations. The authorization of the Chinese â€Å"Chou† dynasty can be compared with the intermediary function of the Egyptian male monarch as the God of the boy. All four civilizations have polytheist religion and faith. The bull and birthrate goddess found in the Indus Valley is besides worshiped in the Egyptian and Mesopotamian faiths. Many Egyptian and Mesopotamian divinities have similar features. The most dumbfounding similarity is the worship of forces of nature. This is the most common phenomenon in the four civilisations. This shows that the early stages of spiritual development in the four parts were charming and fabulous. Urbanization is besides another great common feature of all these civilisations. In fact these are the first urbanised societies of recorded human history. Writing was invented independently in all four civilisations. therefore go forthing written records of their clip. On the other manus there are some unusually sole features of each civilisation. The Indus vale people have given great accent on cleansing and bathing. The self duty of the Chinese swayers the public assistance of their topics subsequently developed the doctrines which emphasized on demand of making a public assistance province. This is non found any where else. The temples and zikkurats of the Mesopotamia though are non that alone but the ziggurat’s usage as a nexus between the Earth and Eden is alone. Decision: All the four civilisations have left profound impacts on the faiths and civilizations of their replacements. These impacts can still be observed among the modern dwellers of these parts. Most of these dwellers are the posterities of these ancient people therefore they still bear many features of their distant yesteryear. The differences in the eastern and western civilizations are due to the differences between their parent earlier civilisations. The Greeks adopted so much from the Egyptians as while the other Middle Eastern states were influenced by the Mesopotamian civilisation. The South and South-East Asia has been influenced by the Indian and Chinese civilisations. Work Cited â€Å"Egyptian Religion† Encyclop? Defense Intelligence Agency Britannica. 2007. Reference Suite DVD 21 June. 2007. â€Å"Religion of Indus Valley Civilization† . Encyclop? Defense Intelligence Agency Britannica. 2007. Reference Suite DVD 21 June. 2007. â€Å"Religion of Mesopotamian Civilization† Encyclop? Defense Intelligence Agency Britannica. 2007. Reference Suite DVD 21 June. 2007. Sullivan. Herbert P. â€Å"A Re-Examination of the faith of the Indus Civilization† History of Religions ( 1964 ) . Vol. 4. pp. 115-125.

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay Example for Free (#3)

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay Drama (623) , Romeo and Juliet (446) , Capulet (321) , Lady Capulet (110) , County Paris (19) , Juliet (12) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Looking closely at the characters and language in Romeo and Juliet, analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 William Shakespeare wrote â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† in 1954, although the basic plot can be traced back as early as the third century. In the play, Shakespeare relies heavily on the poem â€Å"The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet† by Arthur Brooke. Most of the people in the Elizabethan era were perceptive enough to concentrate on how the play was being performed and engaged themselves in the language the characters were using. Shakespeare’s audiences had different expectations towards his play, as many of them recognised the story already, they were settled enough to watch it providing the dramatist’s interpretation proved to be unique and original. I have been looking closely at Act 3, Scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet have just been secretly married. The scene opens with the two lovers having to part quickly after the Nurse informs Juliet her mother is swiftly approaching. Already a dramatic atmosphere is created, the audience is almost waiting for Romeo and Juliet to be caught out, this they know can simply not happen. Juliet is understandably tearful; Romeo is sympathetic towards her, showing he really cares for her: â€Å"I will omit no opportunity That will convey my greetings, love, to thee† All this is in comparison to later scenes in the play showing Juliet solitary and unsupported. Between the two lovers, there is a great difference, Romeo appears more optimistic than Juliet who is full of fear, sensing premonitions of her next seeing Romeo dead in a tomb. Her premonitions affect the audience, making them apprehensive and tense: â€Å"O God, I have an ill- divining soul! Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. † The audience hears these harsh, severe words and are reminded of Romeo’s earlier startling premonition that he would die young: â€Å"†¦. My mind misgives Some consequence not yet hanging in the stars†¦.. By come vile forfeit of untimely death. † A chilling effect is created on those viewing the play as they start to realise and understand the significance of the two premonitions. By looking back into earlier scenes, dramatic effectiveness is created. Juliet uses language that shows how she is fearful of how her life with Romeo could easily be destroyed. She speaks to him strongly, showing a strong contrast to her soft words used previously. The strong bond that has been created between the two lovers before the audience’s eyes is momentarily going to be destroyed; tension is created as an aftermath of this feeling. This tension carries on and becomes hugely greater as the news of County Paris’ proposal is first heard of. The audience watch, already aware of the proposal, as the news is given to an extremely shocked Juliet. They wait anxiously for Juliet’s sake as she learns of it, and so a dramatic effectiveness is cast over them. The scene is made effective by the use of irony from Lady Capulet. As Lady Capulet refers to her â€Å"joyful tidings† and Juliet’s response is ironically a pleased one: â€Å"And joy comes well in such a needy time† But then the audience sees the real reason of Lady Capulet’s announcement and the hesitation of the crucial words proves to be highly dramatic, â€Å"Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride† Juliet’s intense anger would make great drama on stage, she shows her raging reaction well: â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s church and Peter too He shall not make me there a joyful bride! † Juliet’s response shows exactly how she is feeling about the matter; she does not hold back at all. The audience knows the dilemma she is facing, one of bigamy, they are deeply involved and show much needed sympathy to Juliet. In the conversation that follows the cold and sharp language both Juliet and her mother used are very effective. Both sides address each other very formally, Juliet calling Lady Capulet, â€Å"My Lady†, â€Å"Mother† where Lady Capulet calls Juliet â€Å"girl† and â€Å"child†. This doesn’t seem to be the language one would expect from a close knit and loving family. This could lead to the conclusion that Juliet’s relationship is far from the relationship she has with Romeo; a loving and stable one. When Lord Capulet enters Juliet’s room, it proves to be a significantly dramatic scene because of the violence and fury portrayed by Lord Capulet. He arrives in her room in a threatening manner; his wife shows fear warning us to expect the worst, â€Å"Here comes your father. Tell him so yourself And see how he will take it at your hands. † Lord Capulet does not expect Juliet to disobey him, he would simply expect grateful thanks and obedience from his daughter. He portrays himself as someone who is used to getting his own way and the way that he regards himself as royalty emphasises to his huge ego and elevated formal language,†Have you delivered to our decree? † He shows great enthusiasm as he enters Juliet’s room, he seems delighted with his plan and congratulates himself on stage. Being the only man on stage, he is showing domination and the audience can see that he likes to be in control. He makes the women afraid; his centre role on stage shows this. The language that he uses is indeed very dramatic and effective. He poses questions to Juliet, being sharp and short when he does so showing how bewildered he is, and he vociferously attacks his daughter overwhelming her with numerous with numerous questions which she does not have time to answer, â€Å"How? Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? † Capulet’s sentence construction is cleverly disjointed emphasising greatly on his anger that is building up rapidly. He shows more of an interest in finding a way to answer Juliet’s questions and his concern is more about his cleverness than the distress of his only daughter. He uses aggressive terms to Juliet, † you greensickness carrion†, † young baggage†, both examples are very aggressive and devegiating. Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5. (2017, Aug 29). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Immigration Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Immigration Studies - Essay Example With the strong determination of the Chinese immigrants to start a new life, the new Chinatown in Los Angeles was created. The transformation of the old Chinatown to a new and better one opened a number of possibilities and opportunities to Chinese businessmen and residents. The new Chinatown became one of the global economic centers in the entire United States due to industrialization and emergence of a number of businesses and trades within the area. These were also added by the establishment of Chinatown art scene in the late 1990s. The Chinatown art scene showcased the rich history, beliefs, traditions, and cultures of Chinese which attracted a number of local and international tourists to visit and witness various cultural heritage of Chinese. Museums and galleries had been made to house these cultural attractions which give tourists broader knowledge and understanding on Chinese culture. Consequently, the tourism industry in China town grew and developed. This further allows Ch inese immigrants to have another means of living/ earn extra income. ... The place is known to be the â€Å"ideal home city and the residential center for industrial workers† (Sides 584) which attracted and encouraged a number of Californians to migrate in the Compton for them to have greater chances of having white-collar jobs and to experience suburban tranquility and peacefulness. The industrialization of the city further benefited all its residents as it gave a more comfortable environment to work and live in. The place was highly dominated by white Americans who strongly restrict black Americans to enter or to even cross over Compton mainly because of their negative perceptions that â€Å"black are both unnecessary and evil† (Sides 585). Stereotyping in the entire city can greatly be observed which can be manifested on the resistance of the white Americans of the construction of Compton’s housing complex for it was considered as â€Å"Negro housing† (Sides 585). They further engaged into harassing African American motorist s who dared to cross in the boundaries of Compton. However, due to the results on the case of Shelley v. Kramer and Barrows v. Jackson, the Supreme Court finally decided to abolish â€Å"racially restrictive housing covenants† (Sides 585) allowing black Americans to freely own a land and a house especially in Compton. After which, there was a growing number of Black American families who had acquired chances to have double income, opportunities to have blue and white collar jobs, as well as the privilege to be in an urban community which is highly industrialized. On the other hand, the perception of white Americans on blacks remained the same. They do not want to live in a community with a number of blacks surrounding them. Thus, most of them decided to sell their houses and properties to

Human resource management in Marine & Shipping Industry - Research Proposal

Human resource management in Marine & Shipping Industry - - Research Proposal Example ts in world trade balances and through market consolidation which require the implementation of well formulated processes and strategies, more especially in the human resource department. In view of the above facts, human resource management is no longer the simple task it used to be in yester years. With the ever dynamic global environment of today, companies must brace themselves and make changes whenever such needs arise in order to maintain their competitive edge. In fact, instead of waiting for other organizations to set pace, successful companies take charge and make proactive changes that continuously keep the competitor on its toes. Given its nature, the marine shipping is one of the oldest and most internationally diverse industries in the world and includes the famous voyage made by Christopher Columbus in search for a new world (Subhash and Divya, 2007). The shipping industry involves transportation of virtually everything including containers, bulk goods, petroleum products, human beings and special products such as armory. The last 50 years has seen massive expansion in demand of the shipping industry which clearly reflects that how much growth has occurred in the capacity of seaborne trade. This growth has been boosted by growth in technology such as seen in the introduction of gas-carrying capacity and containerization. Organizational structures of shipping companies have changed combined with changes in seafarers’ recruitment strategies. Despite the comparatively fast and amazing changes in the shipping industry, the human resource remains its primary production factor and is still based on steep hierarchical structure of ratings and officers (Subhash and Divya, 2007). Currently, job profiles in the shipping industry are changing faster that it was in the past. This requires the continuous performance of job analysis failure of which can dearly cost the organization. Human resource managers are often faced with the challenge of human resource

Discuss the problem of compounding Type I error and explain how the Essay

Discuss the problem of compounding Type I error and explain how the ANOVA addresses this problem - Essay Example In most cases, the effects of multiple tests are ignored and their interaction in the two-way ANOVA. According to Huck (2014), chapter eleven, some of the recommended solutions to compounding the Type 1 error is through ignoring them or by the use of ANOVA. The ANOVA works by comparing the variance within each sample population and the variance between different samples. The variance between and within the samples are computed by getting the sum of the squares then using different formulas to obtain the final result. First, compute the variance between the samples then compute the variance within the samples. Next, computation of the ratio that exists between the variance obtained from between and within to obtain the F ratio. If the null hypothesis is true it implies that the variance between the samples should be equal to zero. Is the converse is the case, the F ratio is larger and the bigger the value gets, the more the chances of rejecting the null hypothesis. Another solution is through the Bonferroni adjustment in which case the alpha is divided by the number of tests. This helps in minimizing on the effects of factorial issue on the final result (Ware & Brewer,

The Fall of the House of Usher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Fall of the House of Usher - Essay Example To be specific, psychological thrillers combine gothic elements and human psychology and entertain human minds. Besides, Poe leads the readers towards the secrets hidden inside the layers of human mind. So, Poe’s literary craftsmanship is beyond the scope of traditional mode of storytelling. One can see that Poe’s works help the readers to analyze the problems faced by the characters from a different angle of view. Thesis statement: The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe can be regarded as a psychological thriller because the same exposes the deep relation between horror and insanity. This essay is broadly divided into: horror, insanity, and the relationship between horror and insanity. Horror: One can see that the author consciously links the main theme with the element of horror. To be specific, Roderick Usher’s dwelling place itself is the most important aspect of horror in the short story. The geographical location of the house in a remote area, ad ded with strangeness, forces the readers to feel the element of horror. On the other side, Roderick Usher’s strange behavior and his warm relationship with the narrator creates doubt in the minds of the readers. But the sudden twist in the story, related to the strange incidents at Roderick Usher’s dwelling place, leads the readers towards an illusionary world of horror. Still, the narrator tries to be cordial with Roderick Usher and his sister. But this does not help Roderick Usher to maintain his emotional equilibrium. On the other side, Madeline’s fate as the victim to her brother’s hallucination adds the element of horror to the plot. Kirsten Hinzpeter states that, â€Å"Madeleine’s illness which stuns even the physicians would additionally be a source of terror† (60). At the same time, Poe provides ample importance to unexpected events in the short-story. This unexpectedness, added with gothic setting, accelerates the free flow of the e lement of horror in the work. In short, the author’s interest in abnormal psychology results in the escalation of the element of horror in the work as a whole. Insanity: Insanity is another element in the short-story that leads the readers to suspect the real aim of the main characters. For instance, the narrator’s decision to visit a family infested with insanity is really suspicious. In this stage, the readers may suspect the narrator as an insane individual. Roderick Usher tries to keep himself as a normal person, but fails to do the same. For example, he tries to forget his illness by immersing himself in music and painting. He does not try to seek sympathy from others, but seeks help from his close friend. Still, his real aim by inviting his friend is ambiguous because he is totally abnormal in his behavior. Roderick Usher does not like to socialize with others in his locality. He leads a secluded life within the interiors of his home. This proves that Roderick Us her is aware of the problem of lunacy faced by his sister and him. Dawn B. Sova states that, â€Å"The dilemma faced by the romantic artist is represented by Roderick, who effectively plunges into madness when he leaves the real world behind in his search for the sublime† (69). But his sister is not an active participant in the story line. In the short-story, she is presented as an individual who is dead. One can guess that Roderick Usher killed his sister and is trying to cover his crime. This ambiguity and hallucination related to the element of insanity leads the readers towards the realms of abnormal psychology. So, one can see that the element of insanity adds strangeness to the main theme of the short-story. Relationship: horror and insanity: The author links the elements of horror and insanity in the short-story to create logical balance to the plot. For instance,

Whole Food Market, USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Whole Food Market, USA - Essay Example The objective of this study is to outline marketing mix and market entry strategy for Whole Food Market, Inc. while entering into Netherlands. Cultural dimensions of new market would also be included in the study so as to reflect upon its impact on proposed marketing mix. The entire study shall be centered towards global market strategy of Whole Food Market, Inc. 3. Main Findings 3.2 Marketing Mix of Whole Foods Market, Inc., Global Expansion 3.2.1 Product ïÆ'Ëœ Concept: Organic products and natural food products would be delivered in Netherlands market. ïÆ'Ëœ Whole Foods Market, Inc., Global Strategy: Global strategy shall be either direct exporting or wholly owned subsidiary. ïÆ'Ëœ Brief Adaptation or Standardization in Netherlands: Standardization product strategy would be applied in Netherlands market in order to sustain their competitive advantage (De Burca, Brown and Fletcher, 2004). 3.2.2 Price ïÆ'Ëœ Concept: The main concept is to acquire maximum market share and establish a stable market position. ïÆ'Ëœ Whole Foods Market, Inc., Global Strategy: In global context, the focus would be on market development strategy. ïÆ'Ëœ Brief Adaptation or Standardization in Netherlands: Adaptation approach will be applied on Netherlands market in the context of pricing strategy. 3.2.3 Place ïÆ'Ëœ Concept: Marketing mix element place is related to distribution network. Whole Foods Market will be delivering products to manufacturing or processing plant to the warehouse and finally to retail stores.

The success of the Singapore Education System Research Paper

The success of the Singapore Education System - Research Paper Example The lack of other natural resources left human resource as the only asset available for Singapore to achieve modern economy ambitions. These, therefore, left education as the only option for building both the economy and the nation through the delivery of human capital engine and in the creation of a sense of Singaporean identity. Nation building and the exploitation of the human resource was faced with a challenge of racial integration that sprouted as a result of the British colonial policies on education, language, and citizenship. In order to meet the needs, Singapore put a lot of focus in the education sector. According to the prime minister, the purpose of education at early days was to â€Å"provide a good man and a useful citizen†.This made the first phase of education which was dubbed â€Å"survival-driven† created in an attempt to expand the primary education and support the development of a literate and technically trained workforce. Schools that existed were merged into a single Singaporean education system, and a bilingual policy introduced so that children could learn their language as well as English. The expansion became so rampant that by early 1970, ’s universal primary and secondary education was attained, and a national system of public education established although the quality was not high. After the success of the first phase, the second phase of education based on shifting from the labor-intensive economy to capital and the skill-intensive economic country was formed.

Whole Food Market, USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Whole Food Market, USA - Essay Example The objective of this study is to outline marketing mix and market entry strategy for Whole Food Market, Inc. while entering into Netherlands. Cultural dimensions of new market would also be included in the study so as to reflect upon its impact on proposed marketing mix. The entire study shall be centered towards global market strategy of Whole Food Market, Inc. 3. Main Findings 3.2 Marketing Mix of Whole Foods Market, Inc., Global Expansion 3.2.1 Product ïÆ'Ëœ Concept: Organic products and natural food products would be delivered in Netherlands market. ïÆ'Ëœ Whole Foods Market, Inc., Global Strategy: Global strategy shall be either direct exporting or wholly owned subsidiary. ïÆ'Ëœ Brief Adaptation or Standardization in Netherlands: Standardization product strategy would be applied in Netherlands market in order to sustain their competitive advantage (De Burca, Brown and Fletcher, 2004). 3.2.2 Price ïÆ'Ëœ Concept: The main concept is to acquire maximum market share and establish a stable market position. ïÆ'Ëœ Whole Foods Market, Inc., Global Strategy: In global context, the focus would be on market development strategy. ïÆ'Ëœ Brief Adaptation or Standardization in Netherlands: Adaptation approach will be applied on Netherlands market in the context of pricing strategy. 3.2.3 Place ïÆ'Ëœ Concept: Marketing mix element place is related to distribution network. Whole Foods Market will be delivering products to manufacturing or processing plant to the warehouse and finally to retail stores.

China & Art Essay Example for Free

China Art Essay China is probably the most influential and powerful civilization in Asia and is a good source of a very rich cultural and artistic heritage. In its early centuries, Buddhism, as the major religion of China has had a great influence in the country’s artistic imagery. Other art forms that thrived during this period were painting and calligraphy. It is also during this early time periods that China invented one of its greatest contributions to art and to the world – paper. Very early in during this period, the Chinese made what they called the mingqi. These are sculpted figures of soldiers, attendants, entertainers, and also of usual objects that people need and use such as houses, wells, stoves, and more. This is in part of their belief that even after death they would still need those things and continue living their usual routines as when they were still alive. Some of the early proofs of Buddhism in China were the carvings of Buddhist Images on the cliffs at Kungwangshan in Jiangsu Province. These images were dated back to around the 2nd century. At around 100 A. D. the Chinese had started working on developing paper. Rag paper (probably the first forms of paper) that was found was dated to as early as the 2nd century B. C. The first hemp paper however that had writings on it were dated to around 109 A. D. Cai Lun was one of those people who helped developed the method for mass-producing paper made from tree bark, hemp and linen. It was by the 3rd century that paper had been widely used in China. China also has their share of Ceramics. Ceramic products that hailed from the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu are most admired. These provinces also had reputation in the creation of burial urns shaped like animals. The period from 220 to 265 A. D. was the period of the Three Kingdoms. Known for its Chivalric and Romantic nature, it became the setting and inspiration of one of China’s favorite historical novel. Written by Luo Guanzhong entitled Sanguo zhi yanyi (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) was published during the 14th century. Towards the end of these first 5 centuries at 317 to 420 A. D. , the arts flourished even more in China particularly at Nanjing in Jiangsu Province. It was also the period of development of Chinese literature. Some important Chinese personalities that arose from that time were Wang Xizhi for calligraphy, Gu Kaizhi for figure painting, and Tao Qian (aka Tao Yuanming) for poetry. And at the 5th century Xie He wrote the Guhua pinlu (Classification of Ancient Painters). Being one of the most famous Chinese critics, he wrote this book stating six laws which he thinks are the good characteristics of a work of art and the person who created it. His ideas have been recognized and considered in Chinese painting ever since. Conclusion It is quite apparent that in the three East Asian Cultures that were discussed, it seems that the Chinese really had a lot to contribute in terms of creating art and understanding art during the ancient times. And these contributions and ideas are still apparent even to the present day. Let us not fail to consider that other Asian cultures also had their own influences and contributions to , Asia and the World but China probably just had the most influential ones because they were probably the first in doing and developing many things also considering how big and powerful the Chinese civilization is. In looking for a commonality, it seemed that all three had their share of ceramic and pottery craft. Naturally, they did not yet have plastic back then and they were still quite new to metals which was why clay would be the main material they would likely use in creating things. They also had a different use for some pottery; they used some urns as sort of coffins in which they placed their dead. In understanding today’s culture, it would be good to look back and understand the ancient forms of art that had a great role in the development of a culture and how it influences other surrounding cultures up to the present days. Works Cited China, 1–500 A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/05/eac/ht05eac. htm (October 2000)Haniwa Boar [Japan] (1975. 268. 418). In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/ho/05/eaj/ho_1975. 268. 418. htm (October 2006) Japan, 1–500 A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/05/eaj/ht05eaj. htm (October 2000) Korea, 1–500 A. D. . In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/ht/05/eak/ht05eak. htm (October 2000)

The Dangers Of Cyber Bullying

The Dangers Of Cyber Bullying Todays children and young people have grown up in a world that is very different from that of most adults. As mobile phones and internet use become increasingly common, so has the misuse of technology. Many young people experience the internet and mobile phones as a positive, productive and creative part of their activities and development of their identities; information communication technologies support social activity that allows young people to feel connected to their peers. This research will explore the various ways that cyber bullying has become prominent in todays youth. Bullying does not only prevail in schools now, but also in the Internet. Todays technology and internet play a major role in cyber bullying. Every day of our lives we are exposed to the benefits of technology; innovations such as mobile phones enable us to communicate, and collaborate more effectively than before. However, in the possession of those who wish to inflict harm upon others, these inventions can be leveraged for nefarious purposes. One severely dangerous and unfortunately obscure application of technology is cyber bullying. Cyber bullying is when a child or teen is threatened, humiliated, or harassed by another child or teen using the internet, mobile phones, or any other digital technology. Cyber bullying involves the use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, intended to harm (Belsley). Cyber bullying has been used to augment bullying that is occurring in school. The major differences between cyber bullying and traditional bullying are that the bully does not have to see the victims reaction to the harassment, the victim can remain anonymous, the harassment can occur at anytime, and the audience has the potential to be worldwide. Parents are not currently familiar with cyber bullying, but this aspect of cyber bullying will change with time. Many of the strategies that were successful with traditional bullying could be applied to cyber bullying. If adults become involved in this kind of behavior, it is called adult cyber-harassment (YoungWomensHealth). This is a far cry from the bullying behavior from days gone by. I interviewed people from two different generations. Carrie was in high school in the late 1940s. Alana: Was your school setting similar to that of today? Carrie: No, we were all taught in a one room schoolhouse. Grades one to seven learned lessons together. Alana: Was there any bullying going on back then? Carrie: No. Just chiding or what some folks call doing the dozens. Children were accustomed to behaving. They cared about what their parents thought. They never wanted to embarrass their parents. It was respectful almost all of the time. Alana: Did any child kill themselves over being picked on? Carrie: No. Never. Alana: Thank you for your input. Aishah was in high school in the 1980s. Alana: How were children bullied when you were in school, and was there a lot of it? Aishah: Oh yeah. There was bullying back in those school days. It wasnt viscious like it is today, though. Alana: What did children do or say? Aishah: They would write ugly messages on bathroom stalls and student desks or pass ugly notes in class. Alana: Did anyone fight over rumors and name-calling? Aishah: They fought and were friends the next day. Alana: You all used computers. Who was bullied by computer? Aishah: Please, not too many people had a home computer. They were kind of expensive back then, and we played Space Invaders and one other game on them. Thats it. Alana: Did teens and pre-teens have cell phones or other electronic communication devices at that time. Aishah: Oh absolutely not. Those were very expensive back then, as were the charges. Only doctors, lawyers and drug dealers carried cell phones and pagers. Alana: Does it seems as though all of the new electronic forms of communication have contributed to cyber bullying. Aishah: I do. 100 percent! Numerous physical and mental ailments can ensue from online harassment in youth and adults all over the world. Whereas traditional bullying is confined usually within school boundaries, cyber-bullying can take place at any time or place, even in the privacy of ones home. Therefore, students who are electronically engaged can be cyber bullied at any time. Options for escape are extremely limited, with the principal options being either to cease using the Internet or ignore the harasser. Preliminary research by Willard suggests cyber-bullying may produce even more damage to youth, with such consequences ranging from low self-esteem, anxiety, anger, depression, school absenteeism, poor grades, an increased tendency to violate against others, to youth suicide (Willard). Examples of cyber bullying are sending threatening or offensive e-mails, instant messages, or cell phone text messages directly to the victim (WiredKids). Some cyber bullies berate their intended victims by sending mass e-mails, or text messages, to a large group of their peers to humiliate them. The appeal of using instant messaging, email or other communication platforms for bullies is the advantage of covert humiliation. Users can hide behind their IP address, which is little accountability for their actions, and the probability of the abuse being traced to an individual culprit being slim to none. Temporary email accounts and pseudonyms in chat rooms, instant messaging programs, and other Internet venues can make it very difficult for individuals to determine the identity of aggressors. The nature of much of this of this cruelty also prevents blame from being duly laid. The phenomena deals more with the ability to reach such a wide audience and humiliate, threaten, or virtually destroy the reputation of another with a single click of a mouse or the send button on a mobile phone. Although rumors spread fast with word of mouth, they are not able to reach as many people in such a short period of time as they would with text messaging. It is very difficult to defend oneself from cyber bullying when the audience is vast, and the perpetrator is often anonymous. Those who bully others seek to establish power and control over others that they perceive to be weaker than them (Belsley). The motivation of bullies is sometimes due to a lack of confidence and a desire for control. Bullying on the computer is quite cowardly, because the perpetrator wont confront their victim in person. The lack of face-to-face interaction in cyber bullying, reduces empathy in bullies and the fear of getting caught. Cyber bullying is strange thing. Although there is no physical violence, cyber bullying can be more frightening to the targets because there are, potentially, an unlimited number of witnesses. When bullying is anonymous, targets are unaware of whom to watch out for or respond to attacks; which can lead to feelings of helplessness. Over half of teenagers who are targeted by cyber bullies never actually report it. Cyber bullying often occurs away from adults. Therefore, witnesses or bystanders to cyber bullying have a very important role to play when it comes to putting an end to it. They represent social consensus and in this capacity, have an important role to play in stopping or supporting cyber bullying (BeWebAware). The latest technologies used by cyber bullies are camera phones, built-in digital cameras into the phones, add new dimensions to the problem. Cyber bullies use them to take pictures of a victim in the restroom or locker rooms and post them on the web or send them to others through e-mail or picture messaging on a cell phone. Violent fights at schools are captured by students on their mobile phones and then sent to others or posted on websites like YouTube, MySpace, or Face book for others to view and comment on, causing harm to the victims. Now school administrators and teachers are being asked to oversee students in cyberspace, which anyone can access just about anywhere, anytime, day or night (Franek). If the offending media is a video file of a schoolgirl in a compromising situation that is being shared from phone to phone, is everyone who has a copy of the file worthy of punishment? It is these issues, and many more that have prompted a timely increase in the awareness of cyber b ullying. On social networking sites, they allow you to tag the names of people who appear in a photo. This simple act can lead to cyber bullying, as these photos will appear in any search engine under the persons name, allowing the victims to be exposed. Children and teens write messages for all of their friends to see in blogs. However, kids sometimes use these blogs to damage one anothers reputations or invade their privacy (WiredKids). Sometimes teens set up fake profile pages, impersonating others, degrading them and saying things designed to harm and humiliate them. MySpace is the number one social networking site for high school age students and younger. Most kids use MySpace to set up profiles and share information about themselves, their favorite music, Hollywood stars and other interests with kids in their school or neighborhood. For most, MySpace represents a fun form of self-expression that utilizes the latest online technology. However it is executed, cyber bullying on MySpace remains a significant problem. While many chalk it up to kids being kids, more and more are starting to realize that a nasty post on someones MySpace page is as bad or worse that a taunt yelled across the schoolyard. Facebook is similar to MySpace except that it is geared towards a slightly older audience, the music and customization functionality is a lot less robust than found on MySpace, but is still being used by cyber bullies to harass their classmates and ex-friends. The rules of engagement are similar to those found in MySpace. People will either use their own profile to harass others, or create fake identities and build profiles to harass other people or dupe them into thinking another person is interested in them, romantically or as a friend. When on Facebook, sometimes you get requests from people you dont know through your friends. Many teens want to seem popular so they accept the unknown people, to expand their friends to try and get as many as possible. When a friend doesnt like something youve said or done, they can bad mouth you to the people that are on your friends list. One of the fastest growing social media enterprises, Twitter, allows people to follow one another by posting regular updates about their activities. Twitter is seeing a growing number of cyber bullying incidents as more and more kids figure out how to post hateful, harassing information about their friends and deliver it via Tweet to as many followers of the site as they can. In the most extreme cases of cyber bullying, many kids are going to the trouble of building entire websites from scratch in order to use them to humiliate another individual. A common method for doing this is to buy a URL from godaddy.com that humiliates the target such as: www.ambersisugly.com, then fill it with unkind postings and photos. Photoshopping a person into uncompromising positions is a highly used form of cyber bullying, then spreading word about the site to others via email, social networking, etc. Many kids today are playing interactive games on gaming devices such as X-Box Live and Sony Play Station 2 Network. Multiplayer online games and virtual worlds can be venues for harassment and cyber bullying. These gaming devices allows teens to communicate by chat and live Internet phone with anyone they find themselves matched with in an online game. Sometimes the kids verbally abuse the other kids, using threats and crude language. Sometimes they take it further, by locking them out of games, passing false rumors about them or hacking into their accounts (Willard). Yet, interactive gaming is what kids and teens enjoy the most. And what used to be a solitary and isolating activity is now a community and social activity. As entertaining as interactive gaming is, parents should be aware that their children can speak, using their own voice, with strangers online. Xbox comes with built-in parental controls, which prevent the child from using voice chat until the parent feels they are able to handle it safely. They need to be aware that networked gaming devices offer voice chat (WiredKids). They also need to understand that many other interactive voiced games can be accessed online using an ordinary headset. Some teens who get involved in cyber bullying dont realize the impact or consequence of what they say online or in a text message. They may feel that saying something online or via a text message is not as bad as if they said it in person. The bully then sits back and gains gratification from seeing others engage in destructive behavior towards each other (Field). It may even start out as a joke. Others use cyber bullying because they dont have the courage to say something face to face. Either way you look at it, cyber bullying is wrong because the remarks are usually untrue, very hurtful and can be damaging to the victim. If educators and administrators could create and use blogs to educate students about cyber-bullying in language that students can understand and to which they can relate, it may be a more appropriate medium for implementing guidelines as opposed to the more traditional and older-fashioned approaches. Web blogs represent a new medium for computer-mediated communication that may offer discernment into the ways of young peoples self-expression and relationships in peer groups. Schools need to educate students and parents about cyber bullying. They need to inform parents and students of acceptable computer use policies in writing at the beginning of the school year and strictly reinforce these policies throughout the school year. It is recommended that there be a clause in the policy allowing school officials to discipline students for violating the acceptable use policies when not using school computers under certain circumstances (COPS). The policies should be posted visibly in areas where computers will be used by students. A penalty for students violating any acceptable policy should be suspension of their computer privileges. All children and teens have a way of showing their emotions or signs that something is wrong. Parents and teachers sometimes mistake these signs as normal behavior. It is not until this behavior gets out of hand or creates problems, that someone grows concerned and begins to ask questions. Signs that a child is being cyber bullied can vary. A few things to look for are: signs of emotional distress during or after using the internet, withdrawal from friends and activities, avoidance of school or group gatherings, slipping grades and acting out in anger at home, or changes in mood, behavior, sleep, or appetite (KidsHealth). Children who are victims of cyber bullying normally do not tell anyone, because they feel afraid or are embarrassed. There have been many high profile and tragic incidents in the media in recent years which have linked adolescent suicides to experiences with cyber bullying. The connection between suicide and interpersonal aggression is certainly nothing new, as a number of studies have documented the association between bullying and suicide. Those who experience bullying, and those who bully, report higher levels of suicidal ideation and are more likely to have attempted suicide. Some people who end their lives or attempt suicide might be trying to escape feelings of rejection, hurt, or loss. Others might be angry, ashamed, or guilty about something. Some people may be worried about disappointing friends or family members. And some may feel unwanted, unloved, victimized, or like theyre a burden to others (KidsHealth). The following is an account of real-life examples. Thirteen-year-old Megan Meier of Dardenne Prairie, Missouri was, by all accounts, a sweet, loving young lady. Megans parents vigilantly monitored Megans Internet use, going so far as refusing to give Megan access to her own MySpace account unless one of them was there to input the secret password. Shortly before her fourteenth birthday, a cute boy name Josh sent Megan an electronic request to be added as a friend to her MySpace account. For the next six weeks, Megan and Josh exchanged on-line correspondence and Megan began to have a rosier outlook on life as there was now a cute boy who thought she was pretty; Megan had suffered for years with weight issues and depression. Suddenly, and inexplicably, Megan received a message from Josh ending their on-line relationship because he had heard that she was not nice to her friends. Josh had also shared some of the private content of their prior conversations with other classmates on MySpac e which led those classmates to launch an online attack against her, calling her vicious names. Later that evening, Megans mother found her hanging by a belt in her bedroom closet; she died the next day. Sadly, Megans story gets much worse. Weeks later it would be revealed that Josh was an imaginary persona, allegedly created by the mother of one of Megans former friends. The mother, the former friend, an eighteen-year-old employee of the mother, and several other of Megans classmates all took turns pretending to be Josh, writing messages and causing Megan to reveal personal and private information to an audience that she believed was a cute boy that liked her (Pokin). Eerily similar, is the story of thirteen-year-old Ryan Halligan of Essex Junction, Vermont. Ryan had struggled during his early years in school and had self-esteem issues as a result. Beginning in the fifth grade, he was bullied by another boy in school. The bullying persisted until seventh grade when Ryan was able to fend for himself during a physical altercation with the bully. After that, Ryan and the bully became friends and Ryan revealed potentially embarrassing confidences to the boy. The boy then revealed these stories to classmates via the Internet, starting rumors about Ryans sexual orientation. Later that summer, Ryan began chatting on-line with one of the most popular girls in school. Like Megan Meier, he felt comfortable enough with the girl to discuss topics that he would not necessarily want others to know about. When the school year began, Ryan approached the girl only to be rejected in front of her friends. She informed Ryan that the on-line relationship had been a joke, and that she had shared the contents of their chats with her friends. Unable to deal with the humiliation, Ryan committed suicide (Halligan). These are extremes but far from unique examples of devastation wrought by cyber bullying. Since Halligan and Meierss death, more and more children are logging onto the internet, so its likely that online bullying, including sending threatening messages, displaying private messages and posting embarrassing video and photos online, is also increasing. There are no laws that specifically address cyber bullying. Cyber bullying offences can fall under other laws depending on the state. Victims of cyber bullying should not respond to the cyber bully, as the situation can escalate into serious incidents offline. Keeping electronic and printed evidence to document incidents and reporting serious incidents to law enforcement officials is recommended. What can you do to protect yourself and your family from the consequences of cyber bullying? First, get involved with your childs online activities. Require that all passwords be divulged to you, and make it a policy to audit regularly. If your child has an online web page, such as those on MySpace, visit it often to see what he or she is posting. This includes both the parents of the bullies and the victims. Next, there needs to be frank talk to other parents about what is going on in your childs online life. You would be surprised how much other parents could tell you about your own child. Finally, if your child is bullying someone, make sure he knows the potential educational, criminal or financial consequences of such behavior. If you discover that your child is a victim of bullying, consider having her see a counselor to ensure that there are no issues that would cause her to crack under the pressure. Although most kids are able to live through the ordeal, there are some kids such as Megan and Ryan who may have underlying issues that need to be addressed (Curier). Finally, if your child is being ridiculed for an issue that could be easily improved with the proper attention, parents should not delay in getting help for the youngster. This issue is not going away, and begs for much more attention and a host of solutions to cease what is definitely one of the most troubling trends of our times.

The Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay -- Harriet Beecher Stowe Un

The Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, has been widely identified as the most influential American novel in the country’s history. Books have, of course, always had the power to bring about great social change, and the widespread distribution of Uncle Tom’s Cabin gave a vivid image of Southern life, particularly the mistreatment of slaves, to the entire country. While slavery was previously an issue between slaveholders and abolitionists, the moral outrage caused by Uncle Tom’s Cabin went a long way towards bringing the slavery debate to the forefront of the entire American consciousness. Broadly speaking, the book’s success brought the moral conflict to the general public, causing many ordinary citizens to form their own moral judgments, often critical ones, of the nature of slavery, while they previously would have been more apathetic. Here, I will investigate the reaction to and effects of the publication of Uncle Tomâ€⠄¢s Cabin, particularly divided into two groups: the scholarly or critical reaction, and the public reaction, including both public opinion of the book and the various derivative works that were created for public consumption. I have researched both portions of this topic through the more modern works of historical analysis, and by examining primary sources reproduced in online collections (with especially heavy use of Railton’s extremely resourceful website, for which I would like to acknowledge my gratitude). Outside of the Southern region that Uncle Tom’s Cabin criticized, the book immediately received a critical reception â€Å"of wild enthusiasm† (Donovan 16) that fully recognized the strong moral weight that was carried in its strong narrative. While the... ...can Culture: A Multi-Media Archive. Dir. Stephen Railton. 2002. Other Relevant Works Hildreth, Margaret Holbrook. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Bibliography. Hamden, CT: Archon, 1976. Jorgenson, Chester E., comp. Uncle Tom’s Cabin as Book and Legend: A Guide to an Exhibition. Detroit: 1952. Stowe, Charles Edward. Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Boston: Houghton & Mifflin, 1890. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat, 1853. [1] To clarify, while â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† was the title of both the novel and the play, my mention of the title in this document refers to the novel unless otherwise stated. [2] This name â€Å"is almost certainly a pseudonym† (UTCAC). [3] UTCAC identifies Gamaliel Bailey as a possible author of this anonymous article.

My Three Wants :: essays research papers

Abraham Maslow has made a distinction between needs and wants. A need is a basic human requirement. On the other hand, a want is a conscious desire for something. As for me, my wants are influenced by the aspirations of my heart! First, I want to attend college, Second, I want to build a Support Ministry, for hurting people, and I personally want to enjoy the splendor of life. At this point in my life these are the three wants that are most important to me. Certainly, attending college is something that I have always wanted to accomplish in life. Over the years I have become infatuated with a desire to achieve knowledge. Now as I re-enter the environment of education I look forward to every opportunity of learning, and I am excited about the virtually limitless possibilities that will be opened to me. While in college I want to do all that I can to improve myself, so that I will be able to help others. Besides, education is utterly useless if there's no one to share it with. Therefore, I want to use my education to help other people. One of the most painful pictures in this human life is to see the effect of a life devastated by physical or emotional pain. Therefore, I want to work as intensely as I can to build a Support Ministry for hurting people everywhere. I want to provide a place of comfort and support, but most of all I want to lend a listening ear. As I strive to reach these goals, it is important for me to continue my own personal journey to enjoy life to its fullest. I want to be committed to a life lived and guided by Christ. On the whole, it is my heartfelt desire to achieve my full potential in life, and to become all that God would have me to be. I am convinced that God has allowed me to live and put in me a want to be educated and a desire to build a support ministry to help others.

Charity Essay

Charity is supposed to be a selfless act done by people who expect nothing in return for their help except for the feeling of having helped someone in need. Charity has changed from an act of nobility or kindness to a way of looking good in front of other people or to receive some type of material reward or to receive some type of tax reduction as done by big companies who prefer †Donating† $100,000 and then save $300,000 in tax reductions for helping out a such noble cause.Charity should be what it used to be a SELFLESS cause period, not just a â€Å"win-win situation† in which both parties â€Å"benefit† from it, it should be done because you want to do it out of the kindness of your heart not because it will get you a C- on the class you’re failing or, because you want to look good in front of someone, it should be done because you want to help the people in need. For example my five year old cousin Jerry, at his age you would expect him to blow al l of his money on games, toys or other things kids like, but no he doesn’t.He saves up all his allowance for months at the time and then one he feels he has an amount that seems big enough to help someone he will goes online to see what charities convince him to donate his money on them, so far he has donated over fifth teen hundred dollars to over ten different charities that vary from animals in danger of extinction to research for AIDS and even Cancer, and he started doing it all by himself, not because someone expected it from him, not because he wanted to look good in front of other people he did it because he wanted to make help people in need, people who don’t have as much as we do, people who have had the â€Å"bitter side of life† as my little cousin would say.One time he went on and went asking door by door all over town until he had knocked on every single door in his town (with his moms supervision of course) and gathered up a good nine hundred dolla rs he could donate to a research on way to prevent miscarriages, and in my opinion more people should be like my cousin and walk that extra mile to help people without the need to receive a â€Å"reward† in order to do what he feels is right. Charity should be a selfless act, and not this sempiternal cycle in which people expect a reward for everything they do.

Discrimination Against Minority Groups Essay

I am writing to express my grave concern over discrimination against minority groups in our society. Hong Kong is a multicultural and religiously diverse territory. By the way, there is still some conflicts exist between different religion. The minority always have an unfair treatment. Domestic helper is an example of it, the salary of them is much lower than the legitimate minimum wage set up in few days ago. Besides, the minority children always become the target who were laughed at and bullied in school. These problems make me cannot ignore what they are facing. But now, the government’s policy is not enough to solve the problem. Recognizing the urgency of the discrimination problem against the minority group, the government should tackle on all fronts, including publicity, education and policy enforcement spending on racial harmony. First, we should intensify the public knowledge toward different belief and race, to avoid misunderstand between different culture. The effectiveness of education on discriminate prevention cannot be overemphasized. The best way to change is to reform from the heart. The government should endeavor to do more to educate the public about the grave consequences of at loggerheads between races. It may affect the whole community, the drawback may much serious than that you think. To foster the racial harmony, government can do it through the media, such as newspapers, advertisements, radio etc. these can spread the idea of â€Å"we are one†, in Hong Kong it should not divide into different group, we all live in Hong Kong, all of us want our home become better, so we should work together to improve of city, but not make some troubles to it. Finally, government should put our resources to help the small group in our society. Government should treat them as our locals in all aspect, our law should also provide support and protection to them. And for their children, we should also lead a hand to them on language learning. Many of them  because failed in the DSE Chinese, lose the chance get into school, I think government can set up some Chinese class for engagement. If such publications or behaviors persist, there will be no return way. It is time for the relevant parties to join heads and rectify this weird phenomenon. Yours faithfully, Chris Wong